{"id":4529,"date":"2019-07-25T09:45:18","date_gmt":"2019-07-25T16:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/?p=4529"},"modified":"2019-07-25T11:02:40","modified_gmt":"2019-07-25T18:02:40","slug":"omg-private-person-in-usa-laws","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/2019\/07\/omg-private-person-in-usa-laws\/","title":{"rendered":"OMG &#8211; &#8216;private person&#8217; in USA Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Being in Canada made my research Canada centric but also I studied much USA law and cases EXCEPT for the concept of private person in US law. <em>Watch the short video below for proof of private person here, there and everywhere in US law BUT very specific and different areas compared to natural person.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Based on a few recent comments here on the blog I ventured to a search engine and typed in the magic phrase &#8220;us law&#8221; to find some US law sites, then on a couple of different websites on their internal search boxes I typed in the magic phrase &#8220;private person&#8221; (in quotes to eliminate private and person on the same page but not together).<\/p>\n<p>I know this is going fast and it&#8217;s very technical but I hope you can reproduce this masterpiece of complex research on your own (sarcasm).<\/p>\n<p>Do <strong>your<\/strong> own searches for &#8220;private person&#8221; on your local jurisdictions law websites and see what you come up with. The results might surprise you &#8211; especially if you keep in mind searches for &#8220;natural person&#8221; usually produce far more results.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How many people do you know who have ever referred to, taught or looked for &#8220;private person&#8221; in law? I suggest you take a look for &#8220;private person&#8221; in your local laws.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are few pages I found in under 2 minutes. <!--more-->For those who can interpret the legalese, go for it and let us know what you think the use and context of private person means. I do note that &#8220;citizen arrest&#8221; statutes commonly refer to private person arrest and\u00a0private person even shows up in VERY SPECIFIC IRS stuff &#8211; note the unique context.<\/p>\n<p>Have fun. You never know what nuggets you will stumble across, like the last entry below from the University of Tennessee law course clearly, simply making the distinction between a private person and a public one. This is really not that hard if you can get past all the fear around the word &#8220;person&#8221;. The word person must ALWAYS be viewed in it&#8217;s correct CONTEXT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">NOTE: To search a website that does not have a built in search tool you can use a search phrase on Google to limit it to a specific website:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">USE THIS IN THE GOOGLE SEARCH BOX &#8211; <strong>site:name of site search term<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 ie. site:private-person.com private person<\/p>\n<h2>A Quick Proof and Research Demo Video<\/h2>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/www.vooplayer.com\/v3\/watch\/video.js\"><\/script><iframe id=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\" data-src=\"\/\/www.vooplayer.com\/v3\/watch\/watch.php?v=MjA1ODM=&amp;clearVars=1\" name=\"vooplayerframe\" width=\"660\" height=\"380\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"> <\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>LINKS TO EXAMPLES OF private person in US LAW<\/h2>\n<h2>&#8211; What is a private person?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.binghamton-ny.gov\/ordinance\/use-public-property-private-persons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">City of Birmingham\u00a0Chapter 328, USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY BY PRIVATE PERSONS<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n[HISTORY: Adopted by the Council of the City of Binghamton on August 18, 2010.]\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"PDF VERSION\" href=\"http:\/\/www.binghamton-ny.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/328%2C%20Use%20of%20Public%20Property%20by%20Private%20Persons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PDF version<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>IRS Instructions for Form\u00a0W-8EXP \u00a0<\/strong><a title=\"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/iw8exp.pdf\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/iw8exp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/iw8exp.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Foreign government.<\/strong> A foreign government includes only the integral parts or controlled entities of a foreign sovereign as defined in Temporary Regulations section 1.892-2T.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">An integral part of a foreign sovereign, in general, is any person, body of persons, organization, agency, bureau, fund, instrumentality, or other body, however designated, that constitutes a governing authority of a foreign country. The net earnings of the governing authority must be credited to its own account or to other accounts of the foreign sovereign, with no portion benefiting any <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">private person<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A controlled entity of a foreign sovereign is an entity that is separate in form from the foreign sovereign or otherwise constitutes a separate juridical entity only if:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is wholly owned and controlled by the foreign sovereign directly or indirectly through one or more controlled entities.<\/li>\n<li>It is organized under the laws of the foreign sovereign by which it is owned.<\/li>\n<li>Its net earnings are credited to its own account or to other accounts of the foreign sovereign, with no portion of its income benefiting any <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>private person<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Its assets vest in the foreign sovereign upon dissolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>OTHER IRS FORMS (not a complete list)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>U.S. Tax\u00a0Treatie<\/strong>s &#8211; under\u00a0Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.) <a title=\"PDF\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/p901.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link to PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>IRS info re\u00a0Form W-8EXP <\/strong>&#8211; under definitions &#8211; foreign government &#8211; <a title=\"web page\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/instructions\/iw8exp\/ch01.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IRS website page<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Internal Revenue Service &#8211;\u00a026 CFR Parts 1 and 301<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[TD 9610] \u00a0\u00a0RIN 1545-BK68<br \/>\nRegulations Relating to Information Reporting by Foreign Financial Institutions and Withholding on Certain Payments to Foreign Financial Institutions and Other Foreign Entities \u00a0<a title=\"PDF\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/PUP\/businesses\/corporations\/TD9610.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link to PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><b>Montana Code Annotated 2013 \u00a0<\/b><a title=\"http:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/mca\/46\/6\/46-6-502.htm\" href=\"http:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/mca\/46\/6\/46-6-502.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">webpage<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><b>46-6-502. Arrest by <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">private person<\/span>.\u00a0<\/b>(1) A <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">private person<\/span> may arrest another when there is probable cause to believe that the person is committing or has committed an offense and the existing circumstances require the person&#8217;s immediate arrest. The <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">private person<\/span> may use reasonable force to detain the arrested person.<br \/>\n(2) A <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">private person<\/span> making an arrest shall immediately notify the nearest available law enforcement agency <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>or<\/strong><\/span> peace officer and give custody of the person arrested to the officer <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>or<\/strong><\/span> agency.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<b>History:<\/b>\u00a0En. 95-611 by Sec. 1, Ch. 196, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 274, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 95-611(part); amd. Sec. 40, Ch. 800, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 332, L. 2009.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Understanding Defamation<\/strong> <a title=\"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Understanding-Defamation.pdf\" href=\"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Understanding-Defamation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PDF of Webpage<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; \u00a0<a title=\"http:\/\/web.cci.utk.edu\/~bowles\/constitutional-defense6.html\" href=\"http:\/\/web.cci.utk.edu\/~bowles\/constitutional-defense6.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">link to source webpage<\/a>\u00a0 &#8211; <a title=\"http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?navby=case&amp;court=us&amp;vol=418&amp;page=323\" href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?navby=case&amp;court=us&amp;vol=418&amp;page=323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supreme Court Decision<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Who is considered a private person in a libel suit?<\/p>\n<p>Because the fault standard depends on the status of the plaintiff, the outcome of a libel case often hinges on <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">whether the plaintiff is considered a public official or figure or a private person.<\/span><\/strong><\/span> This is not always easy to determine, and many libel verdicts have been overturned by appeals courts on the basis that the wrong fault standard was imposed on the plaintiff.<\/p>\n<p>Generally, a libel plaintiff who does not meet <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>the definitions of either a public official or a public figure<\/strong><\/span> is considered to be a private person, meaning that in most states it is easier for him\/her to prove that the media defendant was at fault in publishing the allegedly libelous statement.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\">A private person may be well known in the community, but he\/she has no authority or responsibility for the conduct of governmental affairs<\/span><\/strong> and has not thrust himself or herself into the middle of an important public controversy.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Example:<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u00a0A person with nationwide name recognition was involved in a highly publicized divorce case, but she was held to be a private person in a libel case that originated when a magazine misstated the grounds for granting the divorce. The court held that a divorce &#8212; even one that attracted widespread public attention &#8212; was a private matter, not a public controversy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Another example:<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u00a0Elmer Gertz was widely known in several contexts in Chicago. As a lawyer, he had represented defendants in highly publicized cases; he was an author and an amateur actor and had served on various citizens&#8217; committees in Chicago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>He became a plaintiff in a libel libel case after he agreed to represent a family in a civil suit against a Chicago police officer who had been found guilty of murder in the shooting of a youth. A John Birch Society magazine then falsely accused Gertz of having a criminal record and being a &#8220;Leninist&#8221; or a &#8220;Communist fronter.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Despite his prominence, the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Supreme Court ruled that Gertz was a private person for the purposes of his suit<\/strong><\/span> because he had done nothing to inject himself into the controversy surrounding the shooting and subsequent criminal trial of the policeman, which was the focus of the magazine article. In representing the family in a civil action, Gertz <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">was just practicing his profession and acting in the capacity of a private person<\/span><\/strong><\/span>, the Court held.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Well there is a start. What will you find in your search. Please share them here in the comments&#8230;.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Originally Published on: <b>Dec 28, 2013<\/b><\/p>\n<h1>UPDATE July 25, 2019<\/h1>\n<p>I received an email from a USA member seeking further clarification on &#8216;private person&#8217; in US law based on his research, which everyone should do themselves. Congrats to all who do. Below is the email and my response:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">jd,<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Thank you for your prompt help in signing me into your website last night.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I watched one 2+ hour video and it was very informative and I am looking forward to learning more of your knowledge of being a Private Person.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I live my life as much as I possibly can as a Natural Person as an American National, just south of you in Washington. It has not been the easiest journey but I will never return to being the status of a United States Citizen after knowing what I know now about the Corporation named the UNITED STATES.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 I wanted to share with you that I had never heard the term &#8216;Private Person&#8217; until last week I noticed it in a legal opinion I was reading. I googled it and that is how I found your website, so decided to look it up and it caught my interest. so I signed up to be able to read and learn more. I decided this morning to do a bit more research and I was very surprised at what I found. So I am sending it to you in this e-mail.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Natural Person is often used here in the States, and I knew the definition of this term, but I had never seen a definition for Private Person, so I looked it up. I was very surprised at what I found, and I think you should be aware of what we are dealing with in our laws and the way they are written in the United States. Please read the following, it reflects what I was able to find for the definitions of Private Person and Natural Person:<br clear=\"none\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd56035\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt5714668423\">\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd94323\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt2996975343\">\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259compText yiv2766648259aAbs\">\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd72865\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt5714668423\">\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259lh-16\"><span class=\"yiv2766648259heading\">19 U.S. Code<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"yiv2766648259num\">\u00a7\u202f2571.<\/span><span class=\"yiv2766648259heading\">Definitions [<\/span><span class=\"yiv2766648259heading\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">United States noted here would be a Corporation<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">]<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv2766648259heading\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"yiv2766648259num yiv2766648259bold\">(9)<\/span><span class=\"yiv2766648259heading yiv2766648259bold\">Private person\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd91774\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt5714668423\">\n<p><span class=\"yiv2766648259chapeau\">The term \u201c<a class=\"yiv2766648259colorbox-load yiv2766648259definedterm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">private person<\/a>\u201d means\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259subparagraph yiv2766648259indent2\"><span class=\"yiv2766648259num\">(A)<\/span> any individual who is a citizen or national of the\u00a0<a class=\"yiv2766648259colorbox-load yiv2766648259definedterm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">United States<\/a>; and<\/div>\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259subparagraph yiv2766648259indent2\"><span class=\"yiv2766648259num\">B)<\/span> any corporation, partnership, association, or other\u00a0<a class=\"yiv2766648259colorbox-load yiv2766648259definedterm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">legal entity<\/a>\u00a0organized or existing under the law of any\u00a0<a class=\"yiv2766648259colorbox-load yiv2766648259definedterm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">State<\/a>, whether for profit or not for profit.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259subparagraph yiv2766648259indent2\">\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259content\">\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd99121\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt5714668423\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/96th-congress\/house-bill\/4537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">H.R.4537<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; Trade Agreements Act of 1979 &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd99121\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt5714668423\">\n<div>***[This is the reference given as the source for the definition of<\/div>\n<div>Private Person]***<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"yiv2766648259legDetail\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H.R.4537 &#8211; Trade Agreements Act of 1979<\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"yiv2766648259primary\">Summary:\u00a0H.R.4537 \u2014 96th Congress (1979-1980)<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/96th-congress\/house-bill\/4537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/96th-congress\/house-bill\/4537<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd05171\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt9023968020\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"yiv2766648259yqtfd31932\" class=\"yiv2766648259yqt5714668423\">\n<ol class=\"yiv2766648259breadcrumb\">\n<li class=\"yiv2766648259breadcrumb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">U.S. Code<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">Title 19. CUSTOMS DUTIES<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"yiv2766648259breadcrumb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/chapter-13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">Chapter 13. TRADE AGREEMENTS ACT OF 1979<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"yiv2766648259breadcrumb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/chapter-13\/subchapter-II\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">Subchapter II. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (STANDARDS)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/chapter-13\/subchapter-II\/part-D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">Part D. Definitions and Miscellaneous Provisions<\/a><br clear=\"none\" \/>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/19\/2571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">Section 2571. Def<\/a>efinitions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>****************<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">I thought what an odd place to define Private Person<\/span>*******************<\/div>\n<div>What is the Corporation of the United States hiding?<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.thelaw.com\/natural-person\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/dictionary.thelaw.com\/natural-person\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"yiv2766648259entry-title\">NATURAL PERSON<\/h2>\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259entry-meta\"><a href=\"http:\/\/thelaw.com\/\">THELAW.COM<\/a> LAW DICTIONARY &amp; BLACK&#8217;S LAW DICTIONARY 2ND ED.<\/div>\n<div class=\"yiv2766648259entry-content\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A living, breathing human being, as opposed to a legal entity such as a corporation.<\/span> Different rules and protections apply to natural persons and corporations, such as the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, which applies only to natural persons.<\/div>\n<div>***********I\u00a0enjoy being a living, breathing human being\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Blush\" data-src=\"https:\/\/s.aolcdn.com\/cdn.webmail.aol.com\/resources\/core\/images\/emoji\/blush.png\" alt=\"Blush\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 25px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 25\/25;\" \/>*********<\/div>\n<div>If you have any other access to a definition of Private Person in the United States,<\/div>\n<div>please share it.<\/div>\n<div>Thank you again, Gary<\/div>\n<div>Also, thank you for what your are doing to educate through your website!<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h1>MY REPLY<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Welcome Gary,<\/p>\n<div class=\"\">Thanks for writing and sharing in your findings.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Congratulations.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">You have entered rarified air by having watched info and actually applied it to your local laws research.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">So few people do. I\u2019m not kidding.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">A number of things to point out:<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<ol class=\"MailOutline\">\n<li class=\"\">it is \u2018private person\u2019 (pp) not &#8216;Private Person\u2019 (same for np) &#8211; basic rules of english grammar rule<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">there is a video sharing the difference between np and pp\n<ol class=\"\">\n<li class=\"\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/2013\/12\/webinar-the-hidden-power-of-private-person-and-natural-person\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/2013\/12\/webinar-the-hidden-power-of-private-person-and-natural-person\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">your example of\u00a0\u2018private person\u2019 has to be understood in the context of statute construction:\n<ol class=\"\">\n<li class=\"\">a definition created in a statute is applicable only to that statue, section or subsection where it appears. Every statute can redefine any word\/term at any time but only for it\u2019s own purpose and limited to where it is defined,\n<ol class=\"\">\n<li class=\"\">there is usually a global definition statute ie. \u201cInterpretation Act\u201d that applies to all Acts unless an Act overrides the global definition within itself. No definition in global or specific Act, then you rely on law dictionary definition, if none there the English dictionary (NOTE: Blacks Law Dictionary is the SYSTEM dictionary, Bouviers is the common law)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">the statute you reference is a customs statute, federal jurisdiction, therefore for that specific purpose pp has been redefined but is not applicable to other statutes (unless Customs related, but another Customs statute may have redefined it again &#8211; gotta check every time)<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">pp exists in it\u2019s natural sense mostly in the State jurisdiction where \u2018private\u2019 exists and cannot be eliminated, another reason why State citizen is preferable to Federal citizen. See if you can find pp defined in any other federal Acts and also State Acts,<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">If you look carefully under 19 U.S. Code \u00a7\u202f2571 9(B) it is joined by \u2018and\u2019 with 9(A)\n<ol class=\"\">\n<li class=\"\">both 9(A) and 9(B) have to be true for the definition to apply to anyone<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">which means you have to be \u201can individual\u201d (what is that defined as?), \u201ca citizen or national of the United States\u201d (what evidence usually is there of that? ie. DL, SSN) and a \u201clegal entity organized under under any law of any State&#8221; (what is a State?, does a Registration of Birth document create an organization under a law of a State?)<\/li>\n<li class=\"\">as you can see there are many steps and layers they hide the truth under<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Here\u2019s a link to basic USA info on use of &#8216;private person&#8217;:<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/2013\/12\/omg-private-person-in-usa-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/2013\/12\/omg-private-person-in-usa-laws\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">Keep up the research and enjoy the process.<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"\">Respectfully,<br class=\"\" \/><br class=\"\" \/>jd<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Links to all pages referenced in video &#8211; copy and paste\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.google.ca\/?gws_rd=cr&#038;ei=l12_Us-xNMjkoATGiICgAQ#q=site:www.irs.gov+%22private+person%22<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.binghamton-ny.gov\/ordinance\/use-public-property-private-persons<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/search.irs.gov\/search?client=irs_portals_frontend&#038;output=xml_no_dtd&#038;proxystylesheet=irs_portals_frontend&#038;ie=UTF-8&#038;oe=UTF-8&#038;exclude_apps=1&#038;requiredfields=-archive%3A1&#038;partialfields=&#038;as_q=&#038;as_epq=private+person&#038;as_oq=&#038;as_eq=&#038;as_ft=i&#038;as_filetype=&#038;as_occt=any&#038;as_dt=i&#038;as_sitesearch=&#038;sort=&#038;num=10&#038;site=default_collection<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/p901.pdf<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/publications\/p519\/ar02.html<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/iw8exp.pdf<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/instructions\/iw8exp\/ch01.html<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/PUP\/businesses\/corporations\/TD9610.pdf<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/mca\/46\/6\/46-6-502.htm<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/leghlngoogle.leg.mt.gov\/search?q=%22natural+person%22&#038;restrict=&#038;btnG=MT+Legislature+Search&#038;site=prod_index&#038;output=xml_no_dtd&#038;client=prod_index&#038;proxystylesheet=prod_index&#038;oe=UTF-8<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.google.ca\/#q=site:leg.mt.gov+%22natural+person%22<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/BillHtml\/HB0233.htm<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/web.cci.utk.edu\/~bowles\/constitutional-defense6.html<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Being in Canada made my research Canada centric but also I studied much USA law and cases EXCEPT for the concept of private person in US law. Watch the short video below for proof of private person here, there and everywhere in US law BUT very specific and different areas compared to natural person. Based&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":10172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,105,73],"tags":[11,37,96,148,35,13],"class_list":["post-4529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ideas","category-quick-tips","category-training-2","tag-defending-your-rights","tag-education","tag-natural-person","tag-private-person","tag-training","tag-usa","loop-entry clr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4529\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/private-person.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}